Uterine myomas are nodular collections of uterine muscle cells (myocytes). It is made up of muscle tissue and connective tissue, which are formed in different parts of the uterus. Uterine myomas are common in women of reproductive age, most commonly between 35 and 50 years.

• Hormone imbalance - changes in the relationship between the concentrations of oestrogen and progesterone;
• Heredity - family history of myomas;
• Pregnancy as a provoking factor, because during pregnancy there is a marked increase in the concentration of oestrogen and progesterone in the body.

Myomas can be treated surgically by embolizing the feeding blood vessel, and with medication. Surgery can be performed by removing the myoma node when the uterus is preserved, or by removing the whole uterus. More extensive surgery is appropriate when the woman no longer plans to give birth.

Myomas are completely benign tumours, they do not metastasize and myomas do not need to be treated unless they cause complaints (bleeding, pressure on the bladder or rectum) or start to grow rapidly.

Although myomas are not dangerous, they can cause long-term anaemia and weakness or, if not treated in time, can make it difficult to remove 4-6 cm diameter nodules in a minimally invasive way at a later stage.

Boiled and raw vegetables; boiled, fresh and dried fruit; wholemeal products (bread; pasta); cruciferous vegetables; oats, lentils, barley and beans. These foods are less likely to provoke myoma enlargement.

In most cases, myomas do not need to be treated. Usually, follow-up with gynaecological ultrasonography every 6-12 months until menopause is reached is necessary. At menopause, the nodes usually gradually decrease.

Myomas do not usually cause pain, but in rare cases, rapid myoma growth, necrosis or twisting of the myoma pedicle can cause very sharp pain or a constant feeling of pressure in the pelvis.

Such a nodule must be assessed on a case-by-case basis. If the woman is close to menopause and the knot does not cause any disturbance, then it is unlikely that the knot will need to be treated. The opposite is true for a young woman diagnosed with such a knot, as the knot is expected to continue to grow once it has already developed.

Myomas are benign and not dangerous, but sometimes cause symptoms such as irregular bleeding from the genital tract and pelvic discomfort.

An early symptom of cervical cancer is bloody discharge from the genitals after sexual intercourse.

1. increased bleeding from the genital tract;

2. persistent, bothersome lower back pain or pressure in the lower abdomen;

3. infertility in cases where the uterine cavity is deformed by the myoma;

4. complications in previous pregnancies (miscarriage or premature birth);

5. feeling of pressure on the bladder or rectum.

The quickest way to get rid of fibroid nodules is surgery. Nodules up to 5-6 cm in diameter can be successfully treated with a minimally invasive or laparoscopic approach. Larger nodules are operated on by making a horizontal incision just above the pubic hair on the anterior abdominal wall.

Stress can affect the balance of hormones in the body and thus provoke and promote the formation and growth of myomas..

Based on research, green tea contains a powerful antioxidant (epigallocatechin gallate) that contributes to the reduction of uterine myomas.

Foods that increase the level of oestrogen in the body should be avoided. Red meat, alcohol, animal fats, cheese, cream, butter, ice cream and chocolate have all been shown to increase estrogen levels.

Bleeding and secondary anaemia caused by myomas can cause fatigue and headaches. If increased bleeding is detected, especially in cases where anaemia and fatigue are already present, it is imperative to seek help.

In a study, vitamin D treatment reduced uterine fibroid size in laboratory rats.

The hormones in the body are balanced by healthy sleep, stress reduction, regular exercise, reduction of sugars in the diet, intake of unsaturated fatty acids, fibre and oily fish.